The corrosion of mild and stainless steel in alkaline anaerobic conditions representing the Belgian “supercontainer” concept and the Swiss L/ILW repository

Deep geological repositories for radioactive waste contain metallic materials, either used to construct disposal canisters or as low-/intermediate-level waste (L/ILW). The safety relevance of corrosion is linked to canister lifetime in the former case and gas generation in the latter. More specifically, the Belgian “supercontainer” concept envisages mild steel for the used fuel disposal canister, and in the case of the Swiss L/ILW repository, mild steels are the largest metallic waste component due to the decommissioning of civilian power-generating facilities. For these circumstances, the corrosion environment is dominated by the chemistry of cement, which is used as buffer or backfill material. The corrosion behaviour of mild steel in anoxic environments was studied through the analysis of the hydrogen end-product. Hydrogen analysis was conducted by periodically purging the cell head-space and analysing the gas using a solid-state hydrogen sensor. While this method is limited to providing only uniform corrosion rates averaged over periods of time, ranging from weeks to months, it provides excellent resolution and sensitivity. The test cell environments were matched against the anticipated Belgian high-level waste and Swiss L/ILW repository environments, and also against experiments that have been conducted by other researchers for comparative purposes. Samples were exposed to synthetic cement pore waters, representing fresh and degraded cement. In young cement waters, the formation of initial corrosion products resulted in steel wire corrosion rates of the order of µm/year, which, at 80°C rapidly declined to ∼10 nm/year. In contrast, SA516 grade 70 steel plate corroded much more slowly under similar conditions. In aged cement waters, initial corrosion rates were higher but declined faster towards a longer-term rate of ∼10 nm/year. 316L stainless steel, embedded in cementitious material, corroded at a rate of <1 nm/year at 50°C.     

ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS FOR CONSTRUCTION BID DECISIONS

An Artificial Neural Network (ANN) approach was explored for supporting construction bid decisions, since such decisions are heavily dependent on practitioner expertise, which in turn is generally encapsulated in case histories. One of the ANNs described here was trained on knowledge from a sample of the entire Sri Lankan construction industry, and was used to predict the preferred job sizes for firms of differing characteristics; such information could help firms in their bid/no-bid decisions. The other ANN was trained on case histories elicited from a single contractor, and was used to predict the percentage mark-up. The network outputs were obtained in both binary output and continuous valued output formats. The former format had some distinct advantages over the latter, as it provided greater information for decision making instead of being a “black box” output. The influences of the middle layer size, output format and allowable error during training, on the training duration and accuracy of prediction were studied.     

露天矿山台阶爆破孔网参数优化

本文探讨了别斯库都克露天煤矿台阶中深孔爆破合适的孔网参数,降低了爆破后的大块率,取得了良好的爆破效果。     

切削数据库的最新研究进展

<正>1引言自1964年美国开发第一个切削数据库CUTDA-TA以来,经过近半个世纪的发展,切削数据库的理念已全面拓展。将计算机应用技术的最新成果与之结合,全面渗透到工程应用的各个领域。本文阐述最新计算机技术成果应用到切削数据库开发的最新进展情况。     

A Comparative Study of Urban Planning System Between Wuhan and Macao

This paper makes a comparative study of urban planning system between Wuhan and Macao,including the legislation system,administration system,and operation system of planning.Meanwhile,it also explores how to improve the current planning systems.     

一种车内热舒适的测试方法与实验研究

本文提出了一种适用于车内热环境测量的方法,通过测量研究了车内热舒适。研究发现,即使室外非常凉爽的情况下,封闭驾驶室内不开空调时热环境极不舒适,车辆空调系统对于改善驾驶室内热环境作用明显;车头的朝向、空调系统的运行模式对于热舒适有影响,而车速的大小对于热舒适性没有影响。文章最后分析了驾驶室内热舒适测量及评价中遇到的问题,并提出了综合评价驾驶室内舒适性及制定驾驶室内舒适性评价指标的新研究方向。     

建设生态文明 先要转变观念

<正>经济发展模式的根本转变党的十七大第一次提出了"生态文明"的概念,并且把建设生态文明列入全面建设小康社会的奋斗目标,这是我国经济发展模式的根本转变,是我们党对发展理念的理论升华,具有十分重要的现实意义和深远意义。     

Ash Vaporization and Condensation During Combustion of a Suspended Coal Particle

The results of a theoretical study of the formation and growth of the submicron flyash aerosol around a single burning coal particle are presented. The vaporization of ash and subsequent aerosol formation near the coal particle are studied because the local combustion environment influences these processes strongly. A mathematical model is developed that describes the transport of ash vapor and and the growth of the aerosol. The ash aerosol calculation is superimposed on an existing solution to the combustion problem. Included in the model are the effects of convective transport and of both homogeneous and heterogeneous condensation of the ash vapor. The results of the calculations show that refractory compounds with low surface tension, like silica, nucleate very near the coal particle's surface and produce a substantial mass loading of aerosol. The presence of the aerosol does not greatly affect the ash vaporization rate, which is primarily a function of combustion conditions. The size and amount of the submicron ash aerosol are determined by both the local combustion conditions and the ash's physical properties.